What is the correct term for a Word document that has already been
saved, that has a name and a path, as compared with an unsaved document?

Simply calling such a document a "saved" document is not the answer, as
"saved" can mean either a saved document in which the latest changes
have been saved, or it can mean a document that has a name and a path,
that has unsaved changes.

Similary, an "unsaved document" can mean a document that has never been
saved and has no name and path, or it can mean a document that has been
saved, but that has unsaved changes in it.

Larry